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Wellington Harbour (Port Nicholson)〔New Zealand Gazette: 1984 (204) p.4798 New Zealand Geographic Board〕 is the large natural harbour on the southern tip of New Zealand's North Island. New Zealand's capital city, Wellington, is located on its western side. The harbour, the sea area bounded by a line between Pencarrow and Palmer Heads to Petone foreshore, was Port Nicholson until 1984. In the Māori language the harbour is known as ''Te Whanganui-a-Tara'' the great harbour of Tara.〔David Allan Hamer & Roberta Nicholls, (editors). ''The Making of Wellington, 1800-1914'', Victoria University Press, 1990 ISBN 0-86473-200-7〕 Another Māori name for Wellington, ''Pōneke'', is said to be a rendition of Port Nick〔F. L. Irvine-Smith. ''The Streets of My City, Wellington New Zealand'', A.H. & A.W. Reed, Wellington New Zealand 1948.〕 though a 2005 dictionary has said it was a transliteration of Port Nicholson.〔Tony Deverson and Graeme Kennedy (Ed.) ''The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary'', Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 9780195584516〕 ==Geography== Wellington Harbour is an arm of Cook Strait, covering some 76 km², with a two-km wide entrance at its southern end between Pencarrow Head and Palmer Head on the tip of Miramar Peninsula. It has a maximum length of over 11 kilometres and a width of 9.25 kilometres. The harbour has an entrance over 1.6 kilometres wide from shore to shore and as it is surrounded by hills over 300 meters high, it provides sheltered anchorage in a region where wind velocities may exceed 160 k.p.h. The depth of water over the great bulk of the harbour exceeds 20 metres or 10 fathoms.〔A. H. McLintock, (editor). Port Nicholson (Wellington Harbour), ''An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand'', published 1966. ISBN 978-0-478-18451-8〕 The harbour is of seismic origin, and a major earthquake fault lies along its western shore. At the northern end of the harbour lies the narrow triangular plain of the Hutt River, which largely follows the line of the earthquake fault to the north-east. The city of Lower Hutt is located on this plain. The central city suburbs spread around the hills overlooking the west and south-west of Wellington Harbour and its two large bays: Lambton Harbour and Evans Bay. Lambton Harbour is surrounded by the reclaimed land of Wellington's central business district and contains the majority of the city's port facilities. Evans Bay is an inlet between Mt Victoria and the Miramar Peninsula that serves as a flight path to low-lying Wellington Airport. Another smaller but popular bay, for its beaches and Cafes is Oriental Bay. To the east of the harbour lie several small bays, most of which are populated by small coastal communities. The largest of these suburban settlements is Eastbourne, directly to the east of the northern tip of the Miramar Peninsula. Three small islands are located in the harbour. To the south, close to Eastbourne, is Makaro / Ward Island Further north, close to the centre of the harbour, is the larger Matiu / Somes Island, to the north of which is the tiny Mokopuna Island The entrance to the harbour can be quite dangerous, especially since Cook Strait to the south is notoriously rough. Close to the harbour's entrance lies Barrett Reef, its rocks breaking the water's surface at low tide. It was here in 1968 that the inter-island passenger ferry ''Wahine'' grounded during a storm, with the loss of 51 lives. File:StateLibQld 1 202063 Wanganella (ship).jpg|MS ''Wanganella'' being towed from an entrance reef 1947 File:Wahine-listing.jpg|Ferry TEV ''Wahine'' at the entrance 1968 File:Aramoana1976.jpg|Ferry GMV ''Aramoana'' tackles the entrance in a Cook Strait Southerly 1976 File:QE2 departing Wellington, New Zealand, 12 Feb. 2006.jpg|''QE2'' slips out the entrance in a following breeze 2006 File:Ferry at Wellington Heads, New Zealand, 3rd. Dec. 2010 - Flickr - PhillipC.jpg|Ferry and Barrett Reef just after low water 2010 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wellington Harbour」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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